What are the Criteria for Selection of Ideal Bridge Site?
Principles & Techniques of Bioengineering for Civil Engineers
In a broader sense, Bioengineering is the use of life science & engineering to solve human life problems. Here, in this article, we are using the term bioengineering in the context of civil engineering & it basically refers to soil bioengineering. So, Bioengineering can be defined as the use of vegetative measures & small civil engineering structures in order to reduce the shallow seated instability. The living plants or non-living plant materials are used alone or in conjunction with small civil engineering structures for slope stabilization & erosion control. It utilizes locally available resources & is a cost-effective method.
Principles of Bioengineering
Functions of Bioengineering
- Catch
- Armor
- Reinforce
- Anchor
- Support
- Drain
Advantages of Bioengineering
- Immediate slope stabilization & erosion control
- Utilization of locally available resources (local tools, local manpower, local materials)
- It is a cost-effective method
- No need for frequent maintenance
- It also provides an opportunity for wildlife habitat
- It also improves the aesthetic beauty of the site
Commonly Used Techniques of Bioengineering
- Fascine: Bundle of live branches laid in shallow trenches
- Palisade: Woody cuttings planted across the slope.
- Wattling: Fence made out of vegetative materials.
- Bamboo Planting: Planting of bamboo for soil conservation
- Grass Planting: Planting of grass across the slope
- Brush Layering: Layers of woody cuttings planted in line following the contour
- RipRap: Stone pitching with vegetation interplanted between them
- Retaining Wall: Wall built to resist the pressure of earth filling or backing
- Toe Wall
- Breast Wall or Revetment Wall
- Check Dam: Dams constructed across the gullies to retard the flow
- Gabion Wall: Walls made up of gabion wire filled with stones
- Stone Masonry: Masonry construction using stones & mortar
- Jute Netting: Protecting the slope with standard jute mesh
- Rock Netting: Wire mesh of reliable material used to control the rockfall
- Rock Bolting: Reinforcement of rock slope by inserting steel bars
- French Drain: Subsurface drainage channel filled with aggregates
Degree of Static & Kinematic Indeterminacy of Structures
Parts of Research Paper | How to write a Research Paper?
A research paper is scientific writing that shapes up an idea into words with solid and verifiable evidence. The main goal of a research paper is to assemble different opinions, perspectives, corroboration, and facts on a subject matter from various resources like articles, books, other research papers, interviews and elucidate the details and findings in one's own words. The most popular types of research papers are argumentative papers, analytical papers, definition papers, compare and contrast papers, cause and effect papers, reports, and interpretive papers.
What is Clean Feed Rule in Nepal? Importance of Clean Feed
What is the Clean Feed Rule in Nepal?
What is the importance of Clean Feed in Nepal?
- As the foreign channels were not allowed to show ads in Nepal, all the foreign advertisers targeting the Nepali audiences will be compelled to make their ads in Nepal & distribute it to Nepali TV channels which will obviously endorse the foreign currency in Nepal.
- As foreign advertisers are forced to make their ads in the Nepali language, Nepalese artists will get more chances to get involved in it.
- As the number of foreign ads will be reduced considerably, Nepalese products will get more space in digital marketing.
- There won't be any irrelevant foreign ads thus improving the television watching experience.
Federal Nepal: Provinces & Local Levels of Nepal
7 States of Nepal
Province No 1
Province No 2: Madhesh Pradesh
Province No 3: Bagmati Pradesh
Province No 4: Gandaki Pradesh
Province No 5: Lumbini Pradesh
Province No 6: Karnali Pradesh
Province No 7: Sudur Pashchim Pradesh
Local Levels of Nepal
National Parks of Nepal | Wildlife Reserve and Conservation Areas
- Shey Phoksundo National Park
Which is the smallest national park in Nepal?
Which is the oldest national park in Nepal?
Which is the youngest national park of Nepal?
How many wildlife reserves are there in Nepal?
How many conservation areas are there in Nepal?
Which is the largest conservation area of Nepal?
Which is the smallest conservation area of Nepal?
Which is the newest conservation area of Nepal?
How many hunting reserves are there in Nepal?
Differences Between National Park and Wildlife Reserve
National parks are usually established to preserve the flora and fauna of the area and other things of historical and geographical importance while wildlife reserves are solely motivated to protect a particular group of flora and fauna. Human activities like agriculture and organic farming, extracting timbers or collecting fruits, berries, honey, etc. are allowed in wildlife reserves while it is not allowed in national parks. A wildlife reserve can be upgraded to a national park while vice versa is not possible. There are twelve national parks in Nepal whereas there is only one wildlife reserve.
Conservation Areas
There are six conservation areas in Nepal to protect natural ecosystems and to use natural resources sustainably. They are generally large and most of the areas are in natural conditions.
Hunting Reserve
Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve is the only hunting reserve in Nepal established with an aim of preserving a representative high altitude ecosystem in west Nepal and allow sports hunting of blue sheep and other game animals.
Ramsar Sites
Basic Information on Protected Areas of Nepal
Protected Areas of Nepal comprehends twelve national parks, six conservation areas, one wildlife reserve, and a hunting reserve that covers most of the forested areas ranging from lowlands to the high snow-capped mountains, fringing a multitude of landscapes and taking care of a vast biodiversity present in the realm. In addition, numerous Ramsar sites (wetlands) have also been safeguarding innumerable floras and faunas.